Grammar lessons
Ordered after Clayton Croy's A Primer of Biblical Greek.
- 1
The Alphabet and Pronunciation
Twenty-four letters, vowels, diphthongs, syllables, breathing marks, accents, and punctuation.
- 2
Present and Future Active Indicative
Tense, voice, and mood; personal endings for ω-verbs; the future σ.
- 3
First Declension
Case functions; feminine a- and η-stem nouns; masculine nouns in -ης.
- 4
Second Declension
Masculine and neuter o-stem nouns; neuter case patterns and agreement.
- 5
The Article and Adjectives of the First and Second Declension
The definite article, adjective agreement, attributive and predicate positions, substantival use.
- 6
Prepositions and εἰμί
Prepositions with one, two, or three cases; the verb 'to be'.
- 7
Imperfect Active Indicative
The augment, secondary endings, continuous past action.
- 8
Personal Pronouns and αὐτός
First and second person pronouns; three uses of αὐτός.
- 9
Demonstratives
οὗτος 'this' and ἐκεῖνος 'that'.
- 10
Present and Imperfect Middle/Passive
Primary and secondary middle/passive endings; deponents.
- 11
Imperfect Middle/Passive and Infinitive Review
Ongoing past action in the middle/passive, infinitives, negatives, and paired connectives.
- 12
Future Active and Middle; Principal Parts
Build the future with σ, recognize changed stems, and use a verb's principal parts.
- 13
First Aorist Active and Middle
The σ-aorist, whole-event viewpoint, and active and middle infinitives.
- 14
Second Aorist Active and Middle
A changed stem with familiar endings; common irregular aorists and their infinitives.
- 15
Perfect Active and Middle/Passive
Reduplication, a resulting state, perfect infinitives, and a first look at the pluperfect.
- 16
Aorist and Future Passive
The sixth principal part, θη and η passive stems, and passive infinitives.
- 17
Third Declension Nouns
Find the stem from the genitive; consonant changes, one-syllable nouns, and neuters in -μα.
- 18
Present Active and Middle/Passive Participles
Verb-like adjectives: agreement, objects, and attributive, substantival, and adverbial uses.
- 19
Aorist Participles and the Genitive Absolute
Whole-event participles, changed stems, and a separate clause in the genitive.
- 20
Aorist Passive and Perfect Participles
Recognize passive events and resulting states in participial phrases.
- 21
Contract Verbs, Reflexives, and πᾶς
Vowel contraction in -άω, -έω, and -όω verbs; 'oneself'; 'all' and 'every'.
- 22
Liquid Verbs, Reciprocals, and Possessives
Future and aorist stems in λ, μ, ν, ρ; 'one another'; possessive adjectives.
- 23
The Present and Aorist Subjunctive
Long connecting vowels; purpose, exhortation, deliberation, and conditional clauses.
- 24
Infinitives and Indirect Discourse
Infinitival subjects, purpose and result, the articular infinitive, and reported speech.
- 25
Further Third-Declension Nouns and Adjectives
Vowel stems, changing stems, and adjectives with third-declension endings.
- 26
The Present and Aorist Imperative
Commands, requests, third-person instructions, and prohibitions.
- 27
Questions and Relative Pronouns
τίς versus τις; 'who/which'; indefinite relatives and agreement.
- 28
-μι Verbs: δίδωμι; πολύς and μέγας
A new present pattern for 'give' and irregular adjectives meaning 'much' and 'great'.
- 29
τίθημι and Related Verbs; 'One' and 'No One'
'Put', 'leave/forgive', mixed -μι/-ω patterns, and εἷς, οὐδείς, μηδείς.
- 30
ἵστημι and Numbers
'Set' versus 'stand', other root aorists, 'say', and cardinal and ordinal numbers.
- 31
Comparison, Adverbs, and Contrary-to-Fact Conditions
'More' and 'most', words describing actions, question expectations, and unreal past conditions.
- 32
Proper Names and Reading Greek Sentences
Names, broader case uses, the article, optative recognition, and passage connectives.